Compass-Directional Scope 4x12 Carl Zeiss, Fußartillerie (Foot Artillery), about 1898

Bussolen-Richtkreisfernrohr (Compass-Directional Scope) - Visier Fernrohr 4x12, produced by Carl Zeiss for Fußartillerie (Foot Artillery), in about 1898, in an estimate of only 1000 specimens (including also the model without the mechanism for moving the reticle).
This optics was designed to be the finder scope, with reticle (shown in photo), installed on a directional compass (with rotatable mechanism of 360°) which was useful for the shot of the Artillery Units of the Fussartillerie.
The optics, equipped with 4x magnification with fixed focus, presents a mechanism on the ocular, ranging from 0° to +10° and allows the displacement of the internal reticle from the central position which is located at 0 degrees until the position towards right by 10 degrees.
On the ocular plate there are the abbreviations: V.F. (Visier Fernrohr), n/A. probably neues Art. (new article, new model, as a version prior to this was produced), 838 (number assignment) and finally "Fussartillerie" (foot Artillery).
Plate objective is marked with manufacturer Carl Zeiss Jena, engraved in italic.
The storage conditions are excellent, the vision is crisp and clear and the mechanism of the displacement of reticle works micrometer and smoothly. Completely made of brass, its weight is 320 grams.

Carl Zeiss takes its name from its founder, Carl Zeiss, who on November 17, 1846 chose the small town of Jena, in Thuringia, as the location for his precision optical equipment factory. Thanks to the severe quality control that Carl Zeiss imposed on his products, going so far as to personally destroy the microscopes that did not pass the tests, the newly formed Zeiss became the official supplier of the University of Jena and received the gold medal of the industrial exhibition in 1861 of Thuringia as the best research instrument produced in Germany, awarded to the Stand I microscope of 1857.

In 1866 the thousandth microscope was produced and the name Zeiss became known throughout European scientific circles. Thanks to studies on the Porro prism, in 1893 Abbe patented double prism binoculars, which accentuated the perception of depth. The mass production of Zeiss binoculars began in 1894, already at the beginning of the twentieth century more than 30,000 were made, at the beginning of the First World War the quota had risen to 500,000 and, at the end of the Second World War, as many as 2,260,000 were produced binoculars for the civil and military market.

Thanks to studies conducted on the perception of light in low light situations, it was demonstrated that the average dilation of the pupil in an adult is approximately 7 mm. For this reason, the 7x50 mm model was introduced in 1910 and remained on the market until 1917 with few changes to the materials used. In 1926, following the post-war crisis of the First World War with the Treaty of Versailles which bankrupted many important German companies, Zeiss purchased "C.P. GOERZ" and founded Zeiss Ikon in 1926.

In 1937 Zeiss had commercial contacts and factories in more than 29 countries around the world. From '33 Zeiss acquired interest from the Nazi regime, which balanced production towards military instruments. It successfully produced binoculars with wide-angle optics for military use, pressure-resistant optical systems for U-boats, periscope binoculars for targeting tanks. Furthermore, Zeiss cameras were mounted on the V2s for remote sensing operations of the English coasts.

On 1 November 1935, Zeiss, in the figure of Alexander Smakula, patented a process for the treatment of optical glass with extraordinary results in terms of light transmission. Remained a military secret until 1939, it was adopted on binoculars to reduce ghost images and internal reflections. During the Second World War, there were numerous bombings against the Zeiss factories. Jena was bombed several times by the Allies starting in 1944. Stuttgart was razed to the ground, although the Contessa-Nettel factory suffered little damage. The bombing of Dresden, in addition to devastating the city, also caused considerable damage to the Zeiss Ikon headquarters.

On April 13, 1945, American military forces entered Jena, surprising themselves that the bombing had not caused any significant damage. The main planetarium was in ruins, while the factories remained operational.